Install Programs on Linux with Yum

Yum is an acronym for Yellow dog Updater, Modified. It is a tool used to manage the installation and removal of packages on Linux distributions that use the RPM system.

It is a package manager similar to APT-GET that automatically handles dependencies by computing and resolving what must be done to address them.

It has a configuration file that specifies which repositories YUM should use to search for and download RPM packages.

Not every RPM-based Linux will have the YUM package manager installed. If you need to install YUM, you can get it at http://yum.baseurl.org.

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The installation command is:

# rpm -ivh yum.rpm

YUM requires you to configure the package repositories in the yum.conf configuration file

Example:

# vi /etc/yum.conf

[fedora-us-3-core]

name=Fedora Core 3 — Fedora US mirror

baseurl=http://SERVERNAME/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.os

[fedora-us-3-updates]

name=Fedora Core 3 Updates — Fedora US mirror

baseurl=http://SERVERNAME/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.updates

In addition to the configuration file /etc/yum.conf, YUM allows you to place repository configuration files in the /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory. This directory contains the configurations for each repository.

You can add extra or "beta-test" software repositories to YUM's repository list.

Some yum commands:

• yum list: Lists all available packages;
• yum check-update or yum list updates: Checks if there are packages available for an update;
• yum update: Updates your system;
• yum install <package(s)>: Installs a specific package and its dependencies;
• yum remove <package(s)>: Removes a specific package
• yum info <package>: Shows basic information about a specific package.

See the examples:

To install a package:

# yum install postgresql

Resolving Dependencies

Install       2 Package(s)

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Package(s) data still to download: 3.0 M

(1/2): postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm          | 2.8 MB     00:11

(2/2): postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm    | 203 kB     00:00

------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                         241 kB/s | 3.0 MB     00:12    

Running Transaction

  Installing : postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64             1/2

              Installing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64                   2/2

Complete!

To update installed packages:

# yum update

             Plugins carregados: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper

             amzn-main/latest

             Resolvendo dependências

             --> Executando verificação da transação

             ---> O pacote aws-cli.noarch 0:1.7.5-1.2.amzn1 será atualizado

             ---> O pacote aws-cli.noarch 0:1.7.12-1.3.amzn1 será uma atualização

             --> Resolução de dependências finalizada

             Dependências resolvidas

             ===============================================================

             Package    Arq.               Versão              Repo                Tam.

             ===============================================================

             Instalando:

             kernel   x86_64      3.14.34-27.48.amzn1      amzn-updates          16 M

             Atualizando:

             aws-cli   noarch     1.7.12-1.3.amzn1          amzn-updates         604 k

             Resumo da transação

             ===============================================================                Instalar   1 Package  (+4 Dependent packages)

             Upgrade    1 Package

             Tamanho total do download: 16 M

             Is this ok [y/d/N]:

Para remover um pacote:

# yum remove  postgresql

Resolving Dependencies

---> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15 will be erased

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running Transaction

              Erasing    : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64       1/1

Removed:

             postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15

Complete!

To search for all packages with the word "firefox":

# yum search firefox

Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit

============== N/S Matched: firefox ======================

firefox.x86_64 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser

gnome-do-plugins-firefox.x86_64 : gnome-do-plugins for firefox

mozilla-firetray-firefox.x86_64 : System tray extension for firefox

mozilla-adblockplus.noarch : Adblocking extension for Mozilla Firefox

mozilla-noscript.noarch : JavaScript list extension for Mozilla Firefox

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

To get information about a specific package:

# yum info mysql

yum info mysql

Plugins carregados: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper

newrelic                                                                                                                                                    59/59

Pacotes instalados

Nome        : mysql

Arquitetura        : noarch

Versão     : 5.5

Lançamento     : 1.6.amzn1

Tamanho        : 0.0 

Repo        : installed

Do repositório   : amzn-main

Sumário     : MySQL meta package

URL         : http://www.mysql.com

Licença     : GPLv2 with exceptions

Descrição : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a

          : client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld)

          : and many different client programs and libraries. The base package

          : contains the standard MySQL client programs and generic MySQL files.

To see all available packages in the yum repository:

# yum list

Pacotes instalados

GeoIP.x86_64                          1.4.8-1.5.amzn1                @amzn-main  

GeoIP-devel.x86_64                  1.4.8-1.5.amzn1                @amzn-main  

PyYAML.x86_64                       3.10-3.6.amzn1                 installed    

acl.x86_64                          2.2.49-6.9.amzn1               installed   

acpid.x86_64                        1.0.10-2.1.6.amzn1               installed   

alsa-lib.x86_64                     1.0.22-3.9.amzn1               installed   

apr.x86_64                          1.5.0-2.11.amzn1               @amzn-updates

(…)

To find out which package a specific file belongs to:

# yum provides /etc/sysconfig/nfs

Plugins carregados: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper

1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-39.15.amzn1.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and daemons for the kernel NFS server

Repo        : amzn-main

Resultado a partir de:

Nome de arquivo    : /etc/sysconfig/nfs

To find out which repositories are active in YUM:

# yum repolist

id do repo                         nome do repo        status

amzn-main/latest                  amzn-main-Base     5.019

amzn-updates/latest                          amzn-updates-Base  1.085

newrelic/x86_64                        New Relic packages 59

repolist: 6.163

yumdownloader

Usage:

# yumdownloader

The yumdownloader command downloads RPM files from YUM repositories. It's useful for downloading packages for later installation, or when you're going to install packages on multiple machines, without the need to download the same package multiple times.

Example:

$ yumdownloader httpd24

amzn-main/latest                               | 2.1 kB     00:00    

amzn-updates/latest                           | 2.3 kB     00:00    

httpd24-2.4.10-15.58.amzn1.x86_64.rpm         | 1.3 MB     00:00

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